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Abstract: The electrical and optical properties of a DC-driven streamer-to-spark transition discharge named Transient Spark (TS) operating above the liquid water in N2-CO2 mixtures at atmospheric pressure were studied. Despite the DC applied voltage, TS has a pulsed character with very short
(~100 ns) high current (~1 A) pulses, with repetition frequency 1-10 kHz. The emission of N2 2nd and 1st positive, N2+ 1st negative, CN violet and red, OH (A-X) and NH (A-X) systems, as well as atomic N, O, H, and C lines were detected. The non-equilibrium character of TS was confirmed by comparisons of the calculated vibrational (3100-5500 K) and rotational (500-1300 K) temperatures. This research is related to the theory of origins of life, since it enables a better understanding of processes leading to the formation of amino acids precursors, such as CN, HCN or NH species, under conditions simulating lightning strokes into water in the Earth's primitive atmosphere.
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